What is endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a medical condition in which the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. This can happen, for example, on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvis and sometimes even on other organs.

Here's a simple explanation:

What happens with endometriosis?

Normally: The endometrial tissue in the uterus grows every month to prepare for a possible pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, this tissue is shed during menstruation. In endometriosis: The endometrial tissue that grows outside the uterus behaves the same way. It builds up, breaks down and bleeds during the menstrual cycle. But because this blood and tissue have no way out, they can cause inflammation and pain.

Symptoms of endometriosis:

Pain: This is the most common symptom. The pain can range from mild to severe and usually occurs in the lower abdomen or lower back, especially during menstruation. Heavy periods: Women with endometriosis may have heavier and longer periods. Fertility problems: Endometriosis can cause problems with becoming pregnant. Other symptoms: Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating and nausea, pain during sex, pain during urination or defecation, especially during menstruation.

Why does this happen?

The exact cause of endometriosis is still unknown, but there are several theories, such as:

Refluxed menstruation, in which menstrual blood flows back into the pelvic cavity through the fallopian tubes. Genetic factors, as endometriosis is more common in some families. Problems with the immune system, which prevents the body from effectively clearing endometrial tissue outside the uterus.